NVQ Level 4 Unit 12 Signs and Symptoms of Physical Abuse

2.1 Identify the Signs and Symptoms linked to different types of abuse:

1.1 Physical Abuse

• Unexplained injuries such as bruises, cuts, burns, or fractures
• Frequent visits to healthcare providers without clear reasons
• Fearfulness or flinching when approached
• Reluctance to be touched or sudden withdrawal from physical contact
• Wearing inappropriate clothing to hide injuries (e.g., long sleeves in hot weather)

1.2 Sexual Abuse

• Bruising or bleeding in intimate areas
• Difficulty walking or sitting
• Fear of specific individuals or locations
• Sudden changes in behaviour, such as anxiety or aggression
• Sexual behaviour or knowledge that is not suitable for a child

1.3 Emotional/Psychological Abuse

• Low self-esteem or sudden lack of confidence
• Withdrawal from social interaction
• Signs of depression, anxiety, or excessive fear
• Difficulty sleeping or sudden changes in eating habits
• Constantly apologizing or showing signs of guilt

1.4 Financial Abuse

• Unexplained loss of money or possessions
• Missing bank statements or legal documents
• Sudden changes in a person’s financial situation or lifestyle
• Unpaid bills despite having adequate funds
• Reluctance to discuss financial matters

1.5 Institutional Abuse

• Lack of personal choice and autonomy
• Poor hygiene, nutrition, or living conditions
• Uncaring or abusive treatment by staff
• Over-reliance on medication or physical restraints
• Ignoring personal needs or preferences

1.6 Self-Neglect

• Poor personal hygiene or an unclean living environment
• Untreated medical issues or refusal to seek care
• Malnutrition or dehydration
• Hoarding behavior
• Social isolation

1.7 Neglect by Others

• Absence of basic care, such as food, clothing, or shelter
• Medical needs are not being met
• Unsafe or unsanitary living conditions
• Being left alone for long periods
• Lack of supervision in vulnerable individuals

1.8 Discriminatory Abuse

• Being treated unfairly or differently due to race, gender, disability, religion, or sexuality
• Derogatory language or slurs
• Exclusion from activities or services
• Denial of access to personal rights
• Signs of emotional distress linked to prejudice